Jonah Flees from the LORD (Nahum 1:1-15)1 Now the word of the LORD came to Jonah son of Amittai, saying, 2 "Get up! A. The books testimony of Gods mercy to the Ninevites echoes the messages of Old Testament prophets who taught of Gods concern for people outside of Israel (see Isaiah 49:6; 60:3; Jeremiah 16:19), and it foreshadows the future incorporation of Gentiles into the Church in New Testament times. He's a lucky man . There was a Jonah, son of Amittai, who lived during the eighth century B.C. Josh. 14:25. Also, the Exile was not for missionary failure, but for inner offenses against the covenant. For those not having Adobe Acrobat Reader, you will need that in order to open a PDF. 2. Introduction to Jonah Timeline Author and Date Jonah prophesied during the peaceful and prosperous time of Jeroboam II ( 2 Kings 14:23-28 ), who ruled in Israel (the northern kingdom) from 782 to 753 b.c. Jonah was the name of an 8th-cent. Introduction to Jonah I. F. To emphasize that the Lord is at times working beyond our own theological understandings, and thus is not bound to them. By studying the account of Ninevehs repentance, students can also learn about the love and mercy God has for all those who turn to Him. The historic messages were collected and arranged in book form thereby being intended for later generations of Israel and of those until Gods purposes in history are accomplished20, 3. Jn. 2. B. 13 La Sor et al offers a complete list with central passages, Old, pp. 1.chapter 1 - God's will rejected and replaced by Jonah's will. 3. 301-303. 1; Jonah 1, et cetera), 2) Biblical prophets were holy men who were moved by the Spirit (2 Pet. . Nevertheless, the final referent would not (and could not) contradict the historical message of the human author.22. Syria was freed up to deal with Israel and entered into drawn-out battles to regain Gilead, and Bashan33, 4. Cf. in the northern Kingdom23 under the reign of Jeroboam II (c. 793-753 B.C. This was a symbol of the nation of Israel: 1.used by David as a reference to God, Psalm 68:13, 2.used by David as a reference to Israel, Psalm 74:19 (also Hosea 11:11), 3.used by Song of Songs as an affectionate metaphor, 2:14; 5:2; 6:9, 4.used by Hosea as a negative reference to Israel (northern tribes), Hosea 7:11, 5.used by Isaiah as a reference to foreign nations that are seeking YHWH, Isa. D.The hated, cruel Assyrians are accepted by YHWH on the basis of their repentance and faith in Him, 3:5-9. B. Jonah's name means "dove" (BDB 402). The book tells of a Hebrew prophet named Jonah, son of Amittai, who is sent by God to prophesy the destruction of Nineveh, but tries to escape this divine mission. See Hill and Walton, A Survey, pp. 30:11; 31:35-37; hos. B. They were called prophets because: (1) they were chosen in order to received revelation, (2) Moses is the prototype of a prophet [Deut. 19 Elliot E. Johnson, Principle of Recognition, Class notes, Dallas Theological Seminary, p. 52. AUTHOR A. 49:5c; Jer. 70-72). Many scholars are uncomfortable with the miraculous, predictive, and theological aspects of the books. 18 Jonah is unique because it does not contain a collection of prophetic oracles to the nation, but is narrative about the prophet. To emphasize YHWHs concern for all mankind--even the wicked--and not just for Israel. 12:39-41; 16:4; Luke 11:29-32) a. Jonah is assumed to have truly been in the belly of a great fish for three days b. a.i. 1 Now the word of the Lord came to Jonah the son of Amittai, saying, 2 "Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and call out against it, for their evil has come up before me." 3 But Jonah rose to flee to Tarshish from the presence of the Lord. Prophets were known by several terms--both Greek and Hebrew: a. We read of this same Jonah 2 Ki. But this is an argument from silence which does not prove a late date. Since Jonah was a contemporary of Amos, see Introduction to Amos: Date and Historical Situation for additional details. Its explicit theological message illuminates on the specific qualities of God and the Christian mission in a forty-eight verse narrative history 1. 41 Hill and Walton have an excellent discussion on this function of the book (Survey, pp. 'The Introduction to the book Michlal Yofi by Rabbi Shmuel Zarza - Annotation and Introduction', Siani - Journal of Torah and Jewish Studies 109 pp. ITS PLACE IN THE OLD TESTAMENT. The people respond with fasting and humility, and the Lord revokes their punishment. ), 2.a major plague in Assyria in the reign of Assurdan III (771-754 b.c.). The New Testament concurs with a historical approach (Matt. Although Jonah may mean dove it is not a standard nor common identification, 2. There are two periods in Jewish history that especially needed Jonah's message: 1.an eighth century date, Israel needed Jonah's call to repent, 2.a post-exilic date, Israel needed to recognize her arrogance and national pride. Introduction To the Book Of Jonah Why We Need JonahA series from the Old Testament Book of Jonahby John Dugas atGrace Bible Church Tulsa.More of these messages. (see 2Kings 14:2325; see also Bible Chronology). Read 1:1-3. 2:11-19; ezek. Also, Elijah and Elisha had missions to Sidon and Syria (cf. E. To emphasize the need to submit to the Lords command or else leave him no choice but to drag us along as he works his sovereign plan. Exegesis: Jonah. 70-71). 12 Some central passages which speak to this theme are found in the words of the prophet Isaiah (41:21-24; 43:10-13; 44:6-11; 45:20-21; 48:3-7. Similar Characteristics with the ANE8: 1) Some times they were identified with ecstatic experiences (1 Sam. ), the last strong ruler before Tiglath-pileser III took the throne in 745 b.c. That's the book we are in this . This is a free program. The first thing that may cause some comment is the placing of the book of Jonah amongst the prophetical books of the Old Testament. PURPOSE Jonah teaches us God's mercy toward a Gentile nation who was an enemy of Israel. 752-754. Each has a call from God and a response from Jonah (1:1-3/3:1-3), B. Jonah encounters pagans who are forced to consider the influence of his God (1:4-11/3:4-10), C. Jonah is forced into a confrontation with God because of his attitudes (1:12-17/4:1-9), D. Each section is ended by Gods compassionate deliverance (2:1-9/4:10-12), God demonstrates His compassion for both the sailors and Jonah by delivering them both, God demonstrates his compassion for both Ninevah and Jonah by delivering them both43. It is not certain when the book of Jonah was written. 3.chapter 3 - God's will received; Nineveh repents. Chapter 1 (Introduction) to The Problem of Perception and the Experience of God, book forthcoming with Fortress Press (draft) Brief Outline (basically in two parts, chapters 1,2 and 3,4). The introductory text of this passage is evocative of the previous introduction in Jonah: "Then the word of the Lord came to him, 'Arise, go to Zarephath.'" 6 This phrase, "the word of the Lord came," used to commence Jonah's mission, is found elsewhere in the Old Testament about eighty-five times (see 1 Sam 15:10; 2 Sam 7:4; 1 . 37 See a fuller discussion in R. K. Harrison, Introduction, pp. The Lord hears his cries and delivers him from the belly of the great fish. The Lord Jesus Himself vouches for its historicity and literalness. Jonah is mentioned in 11 Kings 14:25. Author: Jonah 1:1 identifies the book as telling the story of the prophet Jonah. 14:25, he lived in the time of Jeroboam II ( the first half of the eighth century BC) and . Jonah and Jesus were preachers of repentance. 14:13ff; Deut. Jonah also teaches God's love for His servants, even those who are hesitant to do His will. His propheciesand he himselfcan be viewed on multiple levels. Although the fish could be representative of the Babylon captivity, Babylon is never mentioned, and Babylon took Judah, not Israel. 14:25, where we find that he was of Gath-hepher in Galilee, a city that belonged to the tribe of Zebulun . Related Topics: Introductions, Arguments, Outlines, Malick received a Masters of Theology in Bible Exposition, with honors, from Dallas Theological Seminary in 1984. First is God's grace shown to His prophet, Jonah, by extending him a second chance after his flagrant rebellion in chapter 1. e. Since Jesus Christ is the center of Gods salvation history, all prophecy somehow relates to Him. The book is named after the protagonist. Introduction (To be read by all participants prior to the first meeting) . 30:11; 31:35-37; hos. C. Jonah was most probably a historical work: 1. 2:11-19; ezek. The book stands fifth in the minor prophets (Eng. A. There are two dates in the history of Assyria that could be the occasion of the repentance of Nineveh: 1.a tendency toward monotheism (i.e., Nebo) during the reign of Adad-Nirari III (805-782 b.c. 32:1-4; judg. For Additional Reading Check out these items in the Jeremiah Study Bible. Finally, the Lords rebuke of Jonahs displeasure at seeing the Lord spare the people of Nineveh can teach students about the importance of overcoming any resentment they feel concerning Gods mercy toward those who repent. 5 La Sor, Hubbard, and Bush, Old Testament Survey, p. 298-299; R. K. Harrison, Introduction, pp. Prophets had characteristics which were similar and distinct of their contemporaries of the Ancient Near East: a. The book of Jonah is one that is very interesting because it is such a common story that is told children, however, about half of the book is left out. C.It is possible that a Hebrew sage at the royal court of Israel took the life of a historical person and expanded it to present a theological truth (similar to the book of Job). By studying the account of Ninevehs repentance, students can also learn about the love and mercy God has for all those who turn to Him. II. God's forgiveness of one generation does not protect other generations, Copyright 2012 Bible Lessons International, Bob was born in 1947 in Houston, Texas. The book begins with God telling Jonah to go to the 'great city' of Nineveh. JONAH: BOOK INTRODUCTION The book of Jonah is a historical narrative. External Evidence is very slight and late for Jonah: 19:13), in the tribal area of Zebulon, three miles northeast of Nazareth. text. III Macc. 12:39-41; 16:4; Luke 11:29-32), a. Jonah is assumed to have truly been in the belly of a great fish for three days, b. Jonah is assumed to have been a genuine sign to the people of Ninevah, c. The people of Ninevah are assumed to have repented, and to be among those who will judge Jesus generation in the future, d. The people of Ninevah are included among another historical figure-- the Queen of the South, A. Go to the great city of Nineveh and preach against it, because its wickedness has come up before Me." 3 Jonah, however, got up to flee to Tarshish, away from the presence of the LORD. Although Jonah could be about a missionary mandate to the Gentile world, Jonah never mentions the distinctions of Judaism, Torah, nor monotheism. 10:6; Isa. Author. Jesus referred to Jonah as an historical person, Matt. Skip to main content Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. A storm arises and threatens to sink the ship. The following graph portrays four basic categories of prophetic oracles:21, Focus primarily on idolatry, ritualism, and social justice, Focus on not giving proper honor to the Lord, Primarily political and projected for near future, Interprets recent or current crises as punishment, Very little offered; generally return to God by ending wicked conduct, Slightly more offered; more specifically addressed to particular situation, Affirmation of future hope or deliverance, Presented and understood as coming after an intervening period of judgment, Presented and understood as spanning a protracted time period, a. Prophecy certainly was a message to a historical people, b. Prophecy was also a message to a historical people in view of Gods ongoing redemptive purpose; therefore, it unveiled Gods sovereign plan and intentions. By the end of the century the Assyrian Empire would be the strongest military force ever known in the world overtaking and deporting the northern kingdom; but Israel did not know this at the time of Jonah34, D. The people became arrogant during the northern nations period of prosperity resulting in injustice, greed, neglect of the poor, persecution of the poor, and formalistic religion35, A. Jonah is not an allegorical description of Israels experience with Babylon for the following reasons:36, 1. Home Page | Individual Subjects | Other Books of the Bible. 14:25). The narrative was written in the past tense, therefore, a present tense verb would appear incongruous. according to the word of the Lord God of Israel, which He had spoken through His servant Jonah the son of Amittai, the prophet who was from Gath Hepher. 21 Hill and Walton, A Survey, pp. Landscape The story begins in Israel, moves to the Mediterranean seaport of Joppa, and concludes in Nineveh, the capital city of the Assyrian empire, along the Tigris River. Only through a New Covenant (Deut. VSS) and also fifth in the order of the Heb. He has engaged in post-graduate studies at Dallas T More, 7. primarily including those who wrote books (Obadiah, Joel, Jonah, Amos, Hosea, Micah, Isaiah, Obed, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi). A man and father by these names are mentioned in II Kgs. Jonah PDF's for Reading or Downloading. Jonah's prophecy that Israel's boundaries would expand under Jeroboam came true. A. This was a time when Assyria was not a threat to Israel. 38 R. K. Harrison, Introduction, p. 913. 3. Begin Here: Book of Jonah Introduction. The Cross And Christs Substitution (Gal. Jonah is considered one of the twelve minor prophets. He is married to the former Peggy Rutta and they have three children and six grandchildren. A storm arises and threatens to sink the ship. AUTHOR: though not explicitly stated, the author is almost certainly Jonah (1:1) whose name means "dove" He was from Gath-Hepher, a town of Zebulun located 4 miles NE of Nazareth in Galilee (2 Kings 14:25; Josh . We know from the last verse of the book that a very large number of people were living in Nineveh. Israel became nationalistic, exclusivistic, and prideful instead of evangelistic and redemptive (cf. 806-782 -- Assyrias king Adad-Nirari III is ruler, and ruled over surrounding states and especially Syria; therefore, Israel was protected and able to restore some of its borders under Johoash and Jeroboam II. Kings; Ruth). Jonah: Feature: Title: Page: 1:17: FYI: Swallowed by a Great Fish: Hb; $70.00. A. 22 The Divine Author would use the human author to communicate His message often with a reference beyond the conscious awareness of the human author. A'. "The Twelve" is a grouping of minor prophets (Baba Bathra 14b): 1.they fit on one scroll, like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, 2.they represent the twelve tribes or the symbolic number of organization, 3.they reflect the traditional view of the book's chronology, C.The order of "the Twelve" or Minor Prophets has been linked by many scholars to a chronological sequence. 30 Simon Cohen, The Political Background of the Words of Amos, HUCA, pp. ; 2 Ki. He went down to Joppa and found a ship bound for Tarshish. 5:19-25), 5. The most significant statement in the Book of Jonah is in the second chapter. As the Grace Commentary on Jonah is written, posts will be added to the chapters below. Jonah4 Jonah is angered by the Lords decision to show mercy to the people. Post-exilic prophets had the days when YHWH would complete his program (latter days, or those days) as a central focus (La Sor et al, Old, p. 304. Jonah Introduction | Jonah 1:1-6 Questions | Jonah 7-17 Questions | Jonah 1-17 Advanced Questions From the book: Study Questions for the Book of Jonah The Book of Jonah, framed by its incredible message, touches so deeply on key issues people across the centuries and cultures have struggled. Jesus Christ referred to Jonahs three days and nights in the belly of the whale as a sign of His death and Resurrection (see Matthew 12:3940; 16:4; Luke 11:2930). 17:9ff; 2 Kgs. 7:3), but he was transitionary as a judge, prophet and priest, and not strictly a prophet (see above; also Walton, Jonah, pp. The account contains details that appear to be exaggerations, which has raised questions for some readers about how much of the book is historical. Content Analysis: Jonah 1:11-17. This may explain why he seems so antagonistic to the Ninevites in the book. Jonahs second opportunity to preach the gospel and do as God asked can reassure students that the gospel of Jesus Christ offers second chances for all who humble themselves and repent, as Jonah did. It is a narration or story about how the prophet Jonah was sent by God to speak His word to the people of Nineveh and the events that unfolded. 2) Jonah was told to do one thing: go and preach to the people in Nineveh. The Cross And Christs Incarnation (Gal. Jonahs actions may reflect the hostile feelings and attitudes some Israelites held toward the Gentiles. 12:39-40; 16:4 and Luke 11:29. b. Dissimilar Characteristics with the ANE9: 1) Biblical prophets were certain of their individual calls from YHWH (cf. Jonah and Jesus were sent to preach to their enemies. Jonah: Introduction and Commentary. Discover practical insights into the Book of Jonah. C.Jonah's name is rare in Hebrew as was his father's (i.e., Amittai, BDB 54). The Book of Jonah. C.God's (the main character of the book, as in all OT books) love for all mankind is seen clearly in 3:10 and 4:2,11. 19:2ff; 24:3ff; 27:3ff; Zech. Jonah, who was the son of Amittai, was from a town called Gath-hepher in Zebulun, a territory in Israel (see Jonah 1:1 ; 2 Kings 14:25 ). to the fall of Ninevah (612 B.C.)25. Prework >> Prework 5.1. a. Nineveh was a terrible place at this time in history. Although this book is clearly about the prophet Jonah, it was written by a later, unknown author (see Bible Dictionary, "Jonah"). You'll find David Jeremiah's introduction to the Book of Jonah on page 1197-1198 of The Jeremiah Study Bible. Australian Sign Language: The prophet Jonah wrote his own account of how he accepted correction, fulfilled his assignment, and was taught a vital lesson about God's loyal love and mercy. This latter explanation was not uncommon (see the king of Edom [2 Kgs. Therefore, a daily evaluation of Acts, one verse per day, will take approximately 2.76 years to complete. 24 Note the use of the first person throughout this chapter. Book of Jonah, also spelled Jonas, the fifth of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets, embraced in a single book, The Twelve, in the Jewish canon. 2. This book clearly demonstrates God's power and sovereignty over nature, nations, and revelation. The primary theme in Jonah is that Gods compassion is boundless, not limited just to us (Jonah and the Israelites) but also available for them (the pagan sailors and the Ninevites). Erickson, Amy. This was a time when Assyria was not a threat to Israel. The Cross And Christs Substitution (Gal. Most prophetic books record the messages of the prophet, but in Jonah the only prophetic message is five words in 3:4. The primary theme in Jonah is that God's compassion is boundless, not limited just to "us" but also available for "them.". Jonah Chapter 3. There's an emphasis in other places on sin and punishment. 27 The transition may well explain some of Jonah's resistance to proclaim YHWH's message of repentance. Also, the moral point of the parable is never made abundantly clear since not explanation is presented38. B. 2. 00. . The prophet Jonah is perhaps the most complex of all the biblical prophets. 313-315. After Jonah attempted to avoid preaching repentance to the people of Nineveh, he learned the futility of trying to flee from Jehovah. C. Three periods of Israel from Jehu (841-414): 1. 8 Prophets were known in the Mari tablets of the eighteenth century B.C. 20:39ff; 2 Ki. 3:10-14), The Study Bible Commentary Series, Old Testament, Eighth Century Minor Prophets: Amos, Hosea, Jonah And Micah. 18:18; 34:10], (3) Samuel marked a time when prophecy resumed [1 Sam. 32:1-4; judg. Jonah's refusal to prophetically warn Nineveh of imminent destruction sounds prudent, not a prelude to God's compassion. Although the book is written in the third person, the traditional view is that Jonah is the author of the book, and there is no persuasive reason to theorize about an unknown author. 6 1 Samuel 9:9; Isa. Link to Eerdmans Amy Erickson's new commentary on Jonah is the second in the Illuminations series from Eerdmans, joining series editor C.L. 31) could the nation be restored after they fell under judgment (Elliott E. Johnson, Elements of Recognition, Dallas Theological Seminary, p. 53). About the Text: 1) Of all of the Old Testament prophets, I believe many of us find ourselves like Jonah. 26 Earlier messages focused upon judgment for evil, intercession (see Ex. Jonah Chapter 2. d. While the human author most probably understood the historical message which he was giving, only the Divine Author could fully know the final referent if the message spoke of the future. But if my sayings were inspired, God would say, Yes, and Alice is specifically whom I had in mind! Jesus's Journeys around Galilee Jesus starts his ministry Jesus is tempted Jesus returns to Galilee Jesus goes back to Nazareth Jesus travels to Jerusalem Jesus passes through Samaria Jesus performs healing miracles Jesus teaches in Capernaum Jesus's teachings on a hillside 21:1]). But Jonah did not want to go there with God's message, because he was . One remarkable turnaround! 3:9,12], the king of Damascus [2 Chron. Jonah goes to Nineveh and prophesies of the peoples destruction. Jonah2 Jonah repents. As students study the book of Jonah, they will learn valuable lessons that are relevant to their lives. The name of the main character is Jonah (1:1), 2. The story of Jonah includes seven episodes, with the first three paralleled by the second three. Jonah, who was the son of Amittai, was from a town called Gath-hepher in Zebulun, a territory in Israel (see Jonah 1:1; 2Kings 14:25). Jesus Christ referred to Jonahs three days and nights in the belly of the whale as a sign of His death and Resurrection (see Matthew 12:3940; 16:4; Luke 11:2930). This might be illustrated as follows: If I say to my daughter, I don't love kisses from anyone as much as from you, there would be limits to my statement (e.g., it does not include my wife). JONAH, or, in Hebrew, Yonah, was an Israelite prophet in the Bible who, as told in the book preserved in his name, was divinely commissioned to announce a prophecy of imminent doom to the Assyrian people of Nineveh (Jon. I am speaking as the human author here. The son of Amittai (1: 1), Jonah was a native of Gathhepher, a village of the tribe of Zebulun. Jonah goes to Nineveh and prophesies of the peoples destruction. This is the traditional view. 2.chapter 2 - Jonah repents (poem written in past tense and depicts worship in the temple in Jerusalem). 16 These are most commonly identified with the writing prophets from the eighth through fourth century B.C. It is different from the rest of the Minor Prophets (it is mostly narrative). The Lord called Jonah to go to the great Assyrian city of Nineveh to pronounce judgment on it. 29 Ibid., p. 917. We are beginning a brand new sermon series. Jonah1 God calls Jonah to preach to the people of Nineveh. A. Nevertheless, its literary elements make it a beautiful poem (Bible Dictionary, Jonah) containing valuable lessons. B.Jonah is often said to have been written late, but this is usually based on, 2.the rejection of the supernatural elements of the book as historical, 3.the assumption that it addresses post-exilic national pride and exclusivism. 741-742. Jonah1 God calls Jonah to preach to the people of Nineveh. It is a short book with only 4 chapters, and each less than 20 verses. 6:1-5; mark 7:6-9 ), but who has been miraculously preserved by god through centuries of exile and dispersion to finally preach his truth ( jer. Finally, the Lords rebuke of Jonahs displeasure at seeing the Lord spare the people of Nineveh can teach students about the importance of overcoming any resentment they feel concerning Gods mercy toward those who repent. The Cross And Boasting (Galatians 6:12-15), 6. Jonah was the son of Amittai (Jonah 1:1) and lived in Gath Hepher near Nazareth in Galilee. Israel was to fight a defensive war against the armies of Syria and Ammon. Grace is the major theme of Jonah 3. This shows God also is merciful toward all peopleeven those who act as enemies of His own people. To emphasize the changes brought about by classical prophecy in terms of the value of repentance. 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